Mu 2025 World Intelligent Industry Expo yabereye i Chongqing vuba, urutonde rw'ubuhinga bushasha, ibintu, n'ibintu bifitaniye isano cane n'ibikorwa vy'abantu n'ubuzima bwabo vyatanguye gusohoka, bituma abateze amatwi bisuka mu bumenyi bw'"ubuhinga bushasha butuma ubuzima bugenda neza". Ifoto y’umunyamakuru w’ikinyamakuru Xinhua yitwa Chen Cheng.
Kurikiza amabwirizwa yo gusuka amazi n’icayi, gutwara no gusudira wigenga, no gushika ku kiganiro gikorana n’abantu igihe cose... Mu nama y’isi yose y’ivy’inganda yo kuri Internet yo mu 2025, yarangiye ku wa 8 Nzero, amaroboti akoreshwa mu bice bitandukanye yerekanye ubuhinga bwayo bwite. Zakwegereye abantu bose kubera ubuhinga bwazo bwo guhinduranya ibintu be n’ingene zikora neza igihe zatangura gusohoka.
Imbere n’inyuma y’aho hantu, ubwoko butandukanye bw’amaroboti buriko burahinduka cane kuva ku mashini imwe gushika ku gukorana n’abandi mu buryo butandukanye, kuva ku bikoresho vyo gukorana gushika ku bafatanyabikorwa b’inkerebutsi. Kubera ugutera imbere kw'ubuhinga nk'ubwenge bukoranye, ubuhinga bwo gutahura ibintu mu buryo bwinshi, n'uburyo bwo kugenzura, amaroboti ameze nk'abantu yarasohotse muri laboratwari mu myaka iheze kandi yerekanye ivyizigiro vyinshi vyo gukoreshwa mu bikorwa nk'ibikorwa vyo mu rugo n'uburezi bw'ubuvuzi.
Kuva ku bigo bishasha gushika ku bigo bikomeye vy’ubuhinga, kuva ku bigo vy’ubushakashatsi gushika ku bigo vy’inganda, inguvu zitandukanye ziriko zirakomeza utwigoro twazo kugira ngo zikoreshe akaryo muri iri hinduka ry’ubuhinga ry’amaroboti ameze nk’abantu. Inganda z’ubuhinga bwa robo zo mu Bushinwa ziriko ziratera imbere cane, zikaba zifungura isoko rishasha ry’amadolari amamiliyaridi n’inzira nshasha.
Amarobot ameze nk'abantu ni yo yabaye ikintu gishasha gikundwa cane muri iyo nama
Woshobora kumfasha kuronka ikirahuri c'amazi?
N’itegeko, iyo robo imeze nk’umuntu yari imbere yanje yarahindutse mu kwishura. Yarabonye neza aho igikoresho co gutanga amazi n’igikombe biri, igategura ubwayo iyo umuntu azoja n’aho akora, hanyuma igakorana n’amaboko yompi kugira ngo itore igikombe ata gukeka, yakire amazi, ihindukire, maze amaherezo ihereze neza igikombe cuzuye amazi umumenyeshamakuru. Ivyo vyose bigenda neza, bishikamye kandi bikora neza.
Mu nama y’isi yose yerekeye Internet y’inganda yabereye i Shenyang mu 2025, ururobo rumeze nk’umuntu rufise ubushobozi bwo gukorana n’abantu mu buryo bwinshi mu karere k’iyerekanwa ka Shenyang Xinsong Robot Co., Ltd., rwakwegereye abashitsi benshi. Mu nama nke zaheze, twarerekanye cane cane ibintu nk’amaboko y’amarobo, imodoka zigenzura, amarobo yo gusukura, n’ibindi bikoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’inganda, bisubirira bimwe mu bikorwa vy’ishimikiro vy’abantu mu nganda,” ni ko Han Muxin, injeniyeri w’ivy’amaporogarama muri Shenyang human Xinsong robots Company yavuze. ubwenge, kandi ameze nk’umuntu kuruta.
Hanze y’aho iyo nama ibera, uburyo bwo gukoresha amaroboti asa n’abantu buraguma bwaguka, buva ku bimenyetso bikorana n’abantu gushika ku bindi bikorwa bitandukanye nk’uguhingura n’uguhingura, ibikorwa vyo mu rugo, ububiko n’ibikoresho, ukwikingira imipaka, uburezi n’ubuvuzi.
WalkerS2, ni robo y’inganda imeze nk’umuntu ivuye muri Youbixuan, ishobora guhindura amabateri mu minota 3 kandi ikora 24/7 ataco ihagarika. Ishobora gukora inyigisho zigoye nk’ugukora hasi mu buryo buhinduka, gupfukama cane, no gufata kure cane-, kandi irabereye mu bikorwa vyinshi vy’inganda. Tesla iteganya gukoresha amaroboti arenga 1000 ameze nk’abantu yitwa Optimus Prime mu mahinga yayo bwite mu mwaka w’2025, ivyo bikaba bizoshika ku rwego rwo hejuru rwo gukora vyigenga kandi bishobore kwishura ataco bimaze amabwirizwa no gukora ibikorwa bikomeye.
Ugereranije n’amaroboti ya kera yo mu nganda akenshi akora igikorwa kimwe kandi ashobora gukorana n’abakozi gusa, amaroboti ameze nk’abantu arafise ubushobozi bwo kwimenya, gutegura no gufata ingingo. Bahindutse bava mu "bafasha" baja mu "bagenzi" b'abantu, kandi iyo mpinduka y'uruhara irashingira intahe ugusimbuka kw'ibikorwa kw'amarobo.
Ni kuki abantu bose bariko bakurikirana kugira ngo imashini zikure ‘ubwonko bw’abantu’ bufise ubwenge? "
Irya mbere ni itandukaniro hagati y'igikorwa kimwe n'uguhuza vyinshi." Lan Dapeng, umushakashatsi w'ikigo ca Shenyang c'ubuhinga bwikora, ishure ry'ubuhinga ry'Ubushinwa, yavuze ko amaroboti ya kera yizigira amakuru yashizweho kugira ngo ashobore gukora amategeko ataco akora. ni, ariko kandi bagatahura imigenderanire yavyo yo mu kibanza, imiterere y’umubiri, bagaca imanza.
Mu kibanza c’iyerekanwa c’ikigo ca Shenyang Institute of Automation, mw’ishure ry’ubuhinga ry’Ubushinwa, aho abakozi bambaye amataratara ya VR kandi bafata neza igikoresho, amaroboti ameze nk’abantu n’amaroboti ameze nk’abantu afise imiterere itandukanye arashobora kwigana ibikorwa vy’abakozi kugira ngo barangize ibikorwa nk’ugufata no gufata.
Turagerageza ubushobozi bwo gutahura inyigisho z’amaroboti ameze nk’abantu no kwandika amakuru yerekeye inyigisho. Ishobora gukomeza kwiga no kurangiza ibikorwa yigenga, "ni ko Lan Dapeng yavuze. Bitandukanye n'amaroboti ya kera y'inganda, amaroboti ameze nk'abantu arashobora kwiyumvira, gufata ingingo, kugira ubwonko bufise ubwenge", "gutahura amabwirizwa y'ururimi kavukire, gutegura intambwe z'ibikorwa ku giti cabo, no kwigira ku vyo yananiwe.
Mu kibanza c’iyerekanwa ca Tencent, ururobo rumeze nk’umuntu rufise urubuga rwuguruye rwitwa Tairos (titanium screw) ruriko rurakorana n’abariko barateze amatwi. Ntishobora gusa gutahura neza ingorane, ariko kandi itanga inyishu z'igihe nyaco-mu gufatanya amakuru y'ibidukikije. Umuhinga mu vy'ubuhinga bw'ivyo bikoresho Qiu Ran yavuze ko iyo nzira ingana n'uguha amaroboti "ubwonko", gushiramwo ubushobozi bwa AI nk'ugutahura ibintu mu buryo bwinshi no gutegura ibikorwa, no gushigikira imiterere itandukanye y'amaroboti nk'ay'amaguru abiri, amaguru, n'amaguru ane. Ubu, ryakoreshejwe mu bikorwa nk’ivy’ibikoresho vyo mu nzu n’ivy’imiduga.
Ni kubera iki amaroboti akeneye guhindurwa ameze nk’abantu?
Muri 1958, umuhinga mu vy'ubuhinga bw'umunyamerika Joseph Engelberg yararemye robo ya mbere kw'isi, Unimate. Iyi ni robo ikoreshwa n’amazi ikoreshwa mu bikorwa vyo gutera ivyuma, ikaba igenzurwa n’amaboko ikoreshwa na mudasobwa. Ikoresha igice gikomeye ca CNC gitandukanye kandi ifise ingoma y’umuyagankuba yo kubika amakuru, ishobora kwibuka no kurangiza intambwe 180 z’akazi. Mu mwaka w'1961, "Unimate" yashizweho muri General Motors muri Amerika kugira ngo ifashe mu gukora imodoka. Iyo robo imeze nk’umuntu yarahinduye rwose uburyo bwo gukora imodoka mu bijanye n’uguhingura imodoka.
Amarobot ya kera y’inganda ahanini yasubiriye ibikorwa bikomeye vy’umubiri vy’abakozi canke akora ibikorwa bikomeye, nko gufata ibintu, gushiramwo no gukurako, gusudira, gutera imiti, n’ibindi mu bikorwa nk’uguhingura imodoka, kwubaka ubwato, n’ubuhinga bw’imiti. Kubera ko hariho ugutera imbere gukomeye kw’ihinduka rishasha ry’ubuhinga n’ihinduka ry’inganda, buhorobuhoro amaroboti ameze nk’abantu yaracitse ahantu heza cane hakorerwa ubushakashatsi n’iterambere.
Ni kubera iki amaroboti akeneye guhindurwa ameze nk’abantu? Abahinga mu vy’inganda bavuga ko inyuma y’ivyo hariho iciyumviro co gushiramwo vy’ukuri amaroboti mu kibano c’abantu. Muri iki gihe, imigero myinshi mu kibano c’abantu ikorera abantu. Ubwinshi n’imiterere y’ibibanza nk’ingazi n’ibinyabiziga, be n’ugukora kw’ibikoresho bimenyerewe nk’amakaramu, amafunguro n’ibifunguruzo, vyose bishingiye ku mibumbe y’umubiri w’umuntu be n’ingeso afise zo kubikoresha. Ku bw’ivyo, iyo amaroboti asa n’umuntu, arashobora gukoresha ata guca ku ruhande ibikoresho biriho ataco akeneye guhindura mu buryo budasanzwe.
Mu kwezi kwa cumi na kumwe 2000, robo yambere y'ubushinwa isa n'umuntu yarateguwe neza muri kaminuza y'igihugu y'ubuhinga bwo kwikingira. Iyi robo imeze nk’umuntu ifise uburebure bwa metero 1,4, ipima ibiro 20. Irafise ibikorwa bimwebimwe vy’ururimi kandi igenda incuro z’intambwe 2 ku segonda. Ishobora kugenda ningoga kandi yidegemvya mu bidukikije bihinduka bifise utunenge dutoduto n’ibintu bidatomoye. Urutonde rw’ibintu vyiza vyakozwe mu buhinga nyamukuru nk’imiterere y’ibintu, imiterere y’uburyo bwo kugenzura, ugutegura inyigisho zihujwe, n’uburyo bwo kugenzura.
Mu myaka ya vuba, inganda z’ubuhinga bwa robo zo mu Bushinwa zarahindutse, ziva ku gusubira inyuma zija ku gukurikira mbere no kurongora. Mu mwaka w’2024, ubushinwa buzosaba uburenganzira bwo gukoresha amaroboti buzoba bufise ibice bibiri- vya gatatu vy’ivyo kw’isi yose. Li Boyang, umushingwamanza akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’ishirahamwe ryitwa Dalian Ties Technology Development Co., Ltd., yavuze ko ugutera imbere kwihuta kw’ubwenge bukorano vyerekanye ko amaroboti ameze nk’abantu ashobora gushika kw’isoko. Nta mascot gusa ishobora gutamba no kwerekana gusa, ahubwo ni "umufasha w'ubwenge" ashobora gutahura no gushitsa amabwirizwa no kurangiza igikorwa nyaco.
Ugereranije n’amaroboti ya kera yo mu nganda, amaroboti ameze nk’abantu arafise umwanya munini wo gukoreshwa mu nganda. Vuba aha, ishirahamwe ry'ubuhinga bwa none ry'Ubushinwa ryasohoye "Ivyiyumviro 10 vyiza vyo gukoresha amarobot ameze nk'abantu mu 2025", harimwo ibikorwa rusangi vy'inganda, gukora imodoka, gukora 3C, kwubaka ubwato, gukora amavuta, gukora amashanyarazi, gutanga umutekano mu nzu, ubudandaji, ubuyobozi butomoye bw’inzira y’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuhinga n’ubudandaji bw’amaroboti ameze nk’abantu.
Xu Xiaolan, umuyobozi w'ishirahamwe ry'ubuhinga bwa none ry'Ubushinwa, yavuze ko muri kazoza, amaroboti asa n'abantu yitezwe ko azogira uruhara mu bikorwa vyo mu rugo, mu guhingura no mu guhingura, mu bubiko no mu gutwara ibintu, mu burezi no mu kwivuza, no mu bindi bintu, bituma habaho ugukoresha gushasha, gutuma habaho uguteza imbere ubuhinga bushasha, gutera imbere mu bijanye n'ubuhinga bushasha.
Ibarabara ry'amasiganwa y'amadolari amamiliyaridi ryaratanguye .
Naho hariho ivyizigiro vyinshi, amaroboti ameze nk'abantu aracari mu ntango z'ubudandaji, kandi haracariho ikinogo co gushika ku "gukora neza no gukoresha neza". Inganda ziteze ukwihangana guhagije ku mutungo n’abanyagihugu.
Muri iyo nama, bamwe mu barongozi b'ubudandaji bavuze ko mu gihe hari ubuhinga bwinshi bw'amaroboti ameze nk'abantu, bikenewe kwitwararika ibintu vy'ukuri n'ingorane, no kwirinda guhumwa n'"ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga". Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera imiterere igoye y’umubiri w’umuntu, kugira ngo amaroboti yigane ingene umuntu akora, birakenewe ko habandanya gukomeza ubushakashatsi n’ugutegura ubuhinga nyamukuru, bikaba bishoboza ubwonko, ubwonko buto, n’amaguru y’amaroboti gukorana no kwongerera ubushobozi bwo gufata ingingo butandukanye no gutahura neza. ibintu bishobora kuba; Ku rundi ruhande, ivyerekanwa vy’ugukoresha bigereranywa n’ingo biragoye kandi biratandukanye, ivyo bikaba bishira imbere ibisabwa vyinshi ku bijanye n’igiciro gitoyi n’umutekano mwinshi w’amaroboti ameze nk’abantu.
Inyuma y’ingorane hari n’uturyo. Muri iki gihe, amaroboti ameze nk’abantu yaracitse kimwe mu bintu bihambaye cane mu bijanye n’amaroboti. Mu mwaka w'2023, Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga ry'Itangazamakuru yasohoye "Ivyiyumviro Birongora ku Guhingura n'Iterambere ry'Amaroboti Asa n'Abantu", ashira ahabona amaroboti asa n'Abantu nk'"ugushiramwo ubuhinga buteye imbere nk'ubwenge bukoranye, ibikoresho vy'agaciro kanini, ibikoresho bishasha vy'inyuma y'ugusenyuka kwa mudasobwa, n'ibindi telefone ngendanwa, n’ibinyabiziga bishasha bikoresha inguvu Bizohindura cane ivyo abantu bakora n’ubuzima bwabo, bihindure iterambere ry’inganda kw’isi yose. pattern", kandi ibe imwe mu nganda zo muri kazoza zifise urutonde rw'urufunguzo rw'igihugu.
Abahinga mu vy’inganda bavuga ko amaroboti ameze nk’abantu ari yo ntumbero y’ubuhinga buteye imbere, kandi iterambere ryayo ry’inganda rizotuma habaho iterambere rusangi ry’urutonde rw’inganda z’agaciro kanini. Li Boyang yavuze ati: "Ivyuma bimeze nk'abantu birimwo ubuhinga bwinshi bw'ingenzi, nk'uburyo bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kugenzura ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge, ubuhinga bwo gutahura ibintu, n'ibindi.
"Raporo y'ubushakashatsi ku bijanye n'iterambere ry'inganda zikora amaroboti asa n'abantu (2024)" ivuga ko inyuma y'umwaka wa 2045, Ubushinwa buzogira amaroboti ameze nk'abantu arenga miliyoni 100 akoreshwa, yinjira mu nganda zitandukanye, kandi ubunini bw'isoko ry'iyo mashini yose buzoshika ku ma yuan nka trillions 10. Chen Ying, Visi Perezida akaba n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Ishirahamwe ry’Ivy’Ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa, yavuze ko amashirahamwe yihariye kandi afise ubuhinga bushasha n’amashirahamwe yanditswe mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa robo mu Bushinwa ahanini akwiragizwa mu gisagara ca Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, n’akarere ka Pearl River c I Shanghai, i Shenzhen n’ahandi. Ivyo bibanza na vyo nyene vyarakurikiranye gushiraho amategeko yo gushigikira iterambere ry’inganda.
Intara zitandukanye na zo nyene ziriko zirafata iya mbere mu gushinga uruganda rw’amarobo ameze nk’abantu. Beijing yasavye gutera imbere ibigo bitari munsi y’ibigo 50 vy’ingenzi mu rwego rwo hejuru no hasi rw’uruhererekane rw’inganda z’ubuhinga bushingiye ku buhinga bwa none mu myaka itatu izoza, gushika ku bikorwa bitari munsi ya 100 vy’urugero runini-mu bihe bitatu bihambaye, no gutera imbere ibigo vy’inganda bifise agaciro k’amamiliyaridi y’ama yuan; Shanghai yasavye ko urugero rw’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwa none rworenga miliyaridi 50 z’ama yuan mu mwaka w’2027; Shenzhen yasavye gutera imbere mu bihimba nyamukuru vy’amarobo, ubuhinga bwa none, no gushiramwo ubwenge bukorano n’amarobo mu mwaka w’2027
Reka twiyumvire ko mu bihe vy’inganda vyacu vyo muri kazoza, amaroboti atazoba agifise ibikoresho vyo gutuma ibikorwa bigenda neza, ahubwo azoba abafatanyabikorwa bashobora guherekeza, gufata ingingo no kugira ico bakoze. Ni amahinduka ayahe ivyo bizozana mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu mu nganda? » Lan Dapeng yavuze
